Monday, December 30, 2019

Margaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale Essay - 1309 Words

â€Å"Better never means better for everyone, he says. It always means worse, for some† (Atwood 211). Almost all attempts at a utopia eventually evolve into a dystopia because of the class that ends up being oppressed. In Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, this is exactly the case, and the oppressed caste is the handmaids. The United States has been transformed into The Republic of Gilead. This change was stimulated by the increase in rape and violence against women, as well as the dropping fertility rates. The story begins with a handmaid named Offred. She has been assigned the job of a handmaid because she is one of the few women who are still fertile. Offred works in the house of the Commander and every month, when she is most fertile, she, the Commander, and his wife take part in the ceremony. If the ceremony is not successful, meaning Offred is not pregnant, within two years she will be transferred to another household. Besides her role in the ceremony , Offred goes on walks with her assigned partner, Ofglen, every day to stay in shape, and get the groceries. Later in the novel the Commander takes Offred to Jezebels, a place for men to find prostitutes and conduct trade with other countries. Serena Joy, the commander’s wife, also encourages Offred to be intimate with Nick, who is a Guardian in the Commander’s household. These two indiscretions make it very dangerous for Offred, and she is sent away with Mayday. This group aims towards protecting women against theShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1357 Words   |  6 PagesOxford definition: â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes† (Oxford dictionary). In the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood explores feminism through the themes of women’s bodies as political tools, the dynamics of rape culture and the society of complacency. Margaret Atwood was born in 1939, at the beginning of WWII, growing up in a time of fear. In the autumn of 1984, when she began writing The Handmaid’s Tale, she was living in West Berlin. The BerlinRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. Within The Handmaid s Tale it is evident that through the explorationRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 Pagesideologies that select groups of people are to be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while also providing a cruel insight into theRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbook The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the foremost theme is identity, due to the fact that the city where the entire novel takes place in, the city known as the Republic of Gilead, often shortened to Gilead, strips fertile women of their identities. Gilead is a society that demands the women who are able to have offspring be stripped of all the identity and rights. By demeaning these women, they no longer view themselves as an individual, but rather as a group- the group of Handmaids. It isRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1237 Words   |  5 Pages The display of a dystopian society is distinctively shown in The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood. Featuring the Republic of Gilead, women are categorized by their differing statuses and readers get an insight into this twisted society through the lenses of the narrator; Offred. Categorized as a handmaid, Offred’s sole purpose in living is to simply and continuously play the role of a child-bearing vessel. That being the case, there is a persistent notion that is relatively brought up by thoseRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, The theme of gender, sexuality, and desire reigns throughout the novel as it follows the life of Offred and other characters. Attwood begins the novel with Offred, a first person narrator who feels as if she is misplaced when she is describing her sleeping scenery at the decaying school gymnasium. The narrator, Offred, explains how for her job she is assigned to a married Commander’s house where she is obligated to have sex with him on a daily basis, so thatRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood1629 Words   |  7 Pages Atwood s novel, The Handmaid s Tale depicts a not too futuristic society of Gilead, a society that overthrows the U.S. Government and institutes a totalitarian regime that seems to persecute women specifically. Told from the main character s point of view, Offred, explains the Gilead regime and its patriarchal views on some women, known as the handmaids, to a purely procreational function. The story is set the present tense in Gilead but frequently shifts to flashbacks in her time at the RedRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1540 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Nicole. Zeng Assignment: Summative written essay Date:11 May, 2015. Teacher: Dr. Strong. Handmaid’s Tale The literary masterpiece The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is a story not unlike a cold fire; hope peeking through the miserable and meaningless world in which the protagonist gets trapped. The society depicts the discrimination towards femininity, blaming women for their low birth rate and taking away the right from the females to be educated ,forbidding them from readingRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1256 Words   |  6 Pageshappened to Jews in Germany, slaves during Christopher Columbus’s days, slaves in the early 1900s in America, etc. When people systematically oppress one another, it leads to internal oppression of the oppressed. This is evident in Margaret Atwood’s book, The Handmaid’s Tale. This dystopian fiction book is about a young girl, Offred, who lives in Gilead, a dystopian society. Radical feminists complained about their old lifestyles, so in Gilead laws and rules are much different. For example, men cannotRead More The Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1667 Words   |  7 Pagesrhetorical devices and figurative language, that he or she is using. The Handmaid’s Tale, which is written by Margaret Atwood, is the novel that the author uses several different devices and techniques to convey her attitude and her points of view by running the story with a narrator Offred, whose social status in the Republic of Gilead is Handmaid and who is belongings of the Commander. Atwood creates her novel The Handmaid’s Tale to be more powerful tones by using imagery to make a visibleness, hyperbole

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Theories of Intersectionality and Oppression - 1238 Words

The concept that all oppressions are inherently linked underlies the theory of intersectionality that implies interactions of multiple systems of oppression, discrimination, and exclusion. Although we have been exposed to an extraordinarily wide variety of literature throughout the semester, with various standpoints, from very different regions of the world– the one unique concept in which they share is this underlying theme of intersectionality. In their own way, each author points out that we must recognize race, class, and gender as interlocking categories of analysis that together create profound differences in personal identity. The implications of this study provide a new and innovative and effective way in analyzing and understanding the intricacies and power dynamics that play out in not only the United States but on an increasingly global scale. This theory also lends itself to understanding the continual and perpetuating marginalization of women around the world, and how complex and interconnected their experience of oppression is, and why as critical thinkers we cannot discuss gender as stagnant or one-dimensional or merely continental. Stacyann Chin, very eloquently suggests through this statement that all oppression is inherently connected, which is evident through various literatures in which we’ve read this semester. Most evidentially, Dorothy Allison essay, â€Å"A Question of Class,† reveals that there are common elements of oppression and that we cannot viewShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory And Feminist Theory901 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the past readings. Feminist theory and intersectionality. I have taken some Women’s studies courses before so I am familiar with feminist theory. Intersectionality is trickier for me as I am a white, female, privilege Canadian woman who has not faced any oppressions for what I look like. The only oppressions I face are for being a woman and there is no intersectionality with having only one oppression. I will explore both feminist theory and intersectionality and finish off with battered womensRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1006 Words   |  5 PagesIt was not until Kimberlà © Crenshaw introduced the term â€Å"intersectionality† in 1989 that feminism started to look at oppressed group’s needs (Nash, 2008, 2). Intersectionality is a way of thinking that acknowledges that when a person has identities that belong to more than one oppressed group, it impacts their quality of life more negatively. In this paper, I will argue that intersectionality is important in the discussion of feminist theories and activism because it ensures that feminism is for allRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Olivia Popes Scandal1158 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Intersectionality can be referred to as a sociological theory that describes multiple threats of discrimination when a person’s identity overlaps with a number of minority classes in terms of gender, age, race, health, ethnicity, and many other features (Vardeman-Winter Tindall, 2010). In essence, intersectionality is a framework employed in conceptualizing an individual, group of people, or social problem as affected by a myriad of discriminations and disadvantages. The intersectionalityRead MoreIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesBerlyn Valdez WGS 150 October 16, 2017 Midterm Essay Intersectionality The term intersectionality is a very complex word with room for an open range for multiple definitions. Intersectionality is used to understand numerous types of oppressions and discriminations against people. Although, intersectionality wasnt used as a term until the 1980’s by Kimberle Crenshaw, an american civil rights activist and feminist, as a label for the types of oppressions women of color experienced. This is crucial forRead MoreRace, Racial, And The Individual s Self Concept1729 Words   |  7 Pagesideology, captures an individual’s thoughts and attitudes regarding how they think other Blacks should act. There are four types of ideology: nationalist (emphasizes the uniqueness of Black individuals), oppressed minority (focuses on the shared oppression among minority groups), assimilationist (highlights similarities between Blacks and American society), and humanist (acknowledges the commonalities among all humans). The dimensions of racial identity are postulated to interact with one anotherRead MoreThe Intersection Of Race And Sex1329 Words   |  6 PagesIntersectionality is defined by social categories, such as race and gender that have interconnected to apply to individuals and groups, causing an overlap, which has consequently created a system of discrimination and disadvantages (English Oxford Living Dictionary, 2016). Kimberle Crenshaw coined the term in her article ‘Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Anti-racist Politics’ (1889) whereby her main focusRead MoreUnspeakable Conversations By Harriet Mcbryde Johnson1184 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand the world and help others, and attempts to directly address oppression by arguing against Professor Singer’s theory and assemble a group of diverse and like-minded people for social change. Oppression is the â€Å"systematically related pressures† that set barriers for certain people (Frye 7). It is the exploitation and the marginalization of subordinate groups. According to Iris Young s Five Faces of Oppression, oppression is also the disdain and powerlessness of these groups. Cultural imperialismRead MorePrivilege And Oppression : Concepts That Provides Clarification On People s Experience1739 Words   |  7 PagesPrivilege and oppression are concepts that provides clarification on people’s experience. They both contribute to intersectionality which explain notion that people’s perspectives and experiences differ in term of the categories of identity. Each person may experience privilege and/ or oppression from institutional structures depending on their situations. It mean that systems of privilege and oppression can intersect and a person could experience privilege and oppression simultaneously. These systemsRead MoreIntersectionality715 Words   |  3 PagesIntersectionality of Gender Inequality Name: Institution: Intersectionality of Gender Inequality For many decades, women have experienced all forms of oppression and constant violence that threatened their existence in the male-dominated society. Various forms of discrimination and oppression have been directed to women for decades. Violence directed at women such as rape and battery were seen and treated as isolatedRead MoreEthnic Identity And Cultural Identity1204 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironments should accommodate aspects of difference among students and to balance the diverse cultural norms through their programs, so as to enhance a positive and productive experience to all students. Queer Theory and Students Identity Development The foundational tenets of queer theory are based on the ideas of French poststructuralist theorists (Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard) who posit that â€Å"knowledge and truth are social constructions that reflect the prevailing interests of those who hold the

Saturday, December 14, 2019

TTR Period Free Essays

They took control of the production of nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon, and mace. Due to this, the Dutch profits skyrocketed and they had a strong centralized control over the Indonesian islands, and were also strategically laced near China for trade purport nineties. Jamestown, Virginia being est. We will write a custom essay sample on TTR Period or any similar topic only for you Order Now . In America; Thirty Years War used starting in late 16th century when slaves were Of use in the Atlantic region plantation complex The social set up of the way slaves were treated in society is known as the plantation complex. The complex was the agricultural system based in Brazil, North America, and the Caribbean. The system had slaves working under their masters, usually to harvest crops and bring in more profits for their master at free labor. Conflict between Ottoman and Safaris Empires; McHugh empire under Kafka Politically) 6181648 Thirty Years War This war between Rise of Catholic and Protestantism protestant states completely split Europe apart, as well as it being one of the most devastating European conflicts in history. 6005 Outage unites Japan The once feudal State Of Japan was united by Outage around this time. Some people say that this saved Japan from being taken over as other small island states had been. China got screwed over by silver trade 1500516005 Colonization of the Americas Americas lead to a mass dying out of peoples and paved the way for European do menace Atlantic slave trade in the continent. More Political(Ally) 16801760 King unification of China The unification during the King dynasty was an eighty year military effort to solidify China into an empire. The reason for this was largely security precautions to prevent another Mongol cone guest of China. Second Ottoman Empire siege of Vienna; High point of Slave Trade: European enlightenment; Wars of Islamic Renewal in West Africa 1 598 The Edict of Antes Henry IV issued the Edict of Antes to alleviate some of the tension between the Catholics and the Protestants. The purpose of this was to stop the brutal massacres and battles. It offered mom leniency for the French Protestants in hope that they would return to the Catholic Church and end this religious â€Å"war’. Jamestown is established as the first English settlement in North America; French colony in Quebec established; missionaries expelled from Japan Map: represents fur trade Interaction w/ the Environment(Ally) ca 1500 1600 Fur Trade The â€Å"World Hunt† was an economical and ecological turning point in the Americas. How to cite TTR Period, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Satire Essay Example For Students

Satire Essay SatireJoseph Heller who is perhaps one of the most famous writers of the 20th century writes on some emotional issues such as war. He does not deal with these issues in the normal fashion instead he criticizes them and the institutions that help carry these things out. Heller in fact goes beyond criticizing he satirizes. Throughout his two major novels Catch-22 and Good as Gold he satirizes almost all of Americas respectful institutions. To truly understand these novels you must recognize that they are satires and why they are. Catch-22 is a satire on World War II. This novel takes place on the small island of Pianosa in the Mediterranean sea late in the war when Germany is no longer a threat. It is the struggle of one man, Yossarian, to survive the war. Throughout this novel Yossarian is trying to escape the war, and in order to do so he does many improper things. Good as Gold is about a Jewish man named Gold. It is about Golds experiences with the government while being employed in the White House. It also deals in detail with Golds family problems and Golds struggle to write a book on the contemporary Jewish society. Throughout these two novels, Catch-22 and Good as Gold, Heller criticizes many institutions. In Good as Gold it is the White House and government as a whole, and in Catch-22 it is the military and medical institutions. In Catch-22 the military is heavily satirized. Heller does this by criticizing it. Karl agrees with this statement by offering an example of the satire of both the military and civilian institutions in Catch-22:The influence of mail clerk Wintergreen, the computer foul-up that promotes Major Major, and the petty rivalries among officers satirizes the communication failures and the cut-throat competition Heller saw within both the civilian and military bureaucracies of the 1950s. Even the Civil Rights movement, not yet widespread in the 1950s, is satirized in Colonel Cathcart attitudes toward enlisted men. (23)Karl summarizes the satirazation of the military with this: The enemy in Hellers book is not simply the chaos of war, but also the deadly inhuman bureaucracy of the military-economic establishment which clams to be a stay against chaos while it threatens human life moreinsidiously then battle itself. Heller also questions the need for the death and carnage throughout the novel asking if it is really necessary. Many other institutions are also satirized in Catch-22. Bryant points out the extreme variety of institutions that Heller satirizes with this His satire is directed toward the institutions that make up society, business, psychiatry, medicine, law, the military. . . (Bryant 228). Medicine is one of the institutions that is heavily satirized. He does this by portraying medicine as a science that is almost barbaric and not exact. He writes of how the men of the squadron used the hospital as a way out of battle. Catch-22 it self begins in the hospital where Yossarian is faking Jaundice of the liver in order to avoid battle. Many characters also take this up as a form of staying out of battle. Heller addresses the barbarism of medicine with Dr. Daneekas aides. He writes of them painting peoples gums and feet violet in order to ward of certain illnesses. In Catch-22 Heller also satirize religion. This occurs in Chapter Nineteen when Colonel Cathcart is aspiring to become a general. In this chapter religion is satirized in a number of ways. The first is when Colonel Cathcart uses it for a social icon to improve his chance of becoming general. Dr. Peek agrees with this by saying . . . we see a satire on religion used as a matter of social status (25). In Catch-22 there is also one more major satiriazation it is that of industry and finance. The reason this is true is because of certain things Milo says such as Whats good for the syndicate is good for the country (Karl 34). Good as Gold is manly a satire on the White House and government. Heller portrays the White House as being, disgraceful, according to Merrill. Merrill believes that this work criticizes politics almost from page one and that it does an excellent job of it in fact he writes A number of reviewers found that the Washington satire brilliant and incisive. . . (103). The other device that Heller uses is humor. Catch-22 is so satirical in places that it is hilarious. Mr. Hellers talent and use of comedy is so prevalent in these novels that it caused The Atlantic to write Mr. Hellers talents for comedy are so considerable that one gets irritated when he keeps pressing (Phoenix 31). Other critics such as Brustein also wrote that Hellers works are extremely hilarious (228). Although the novel is funny is uses humor in order to further satirize. Dr. Peek agrees with this statement by saying that Its Catch-22 not a flag-waving war adventure, but a novel using humor to discredit or ridicule aspects of out society (24). Dr. Peek also goes on to comment on the amount of comical dialogue in the novel. He says that it contains a significant amount of this dialogue and that it further adds to the humor (11). Heller even takes his humor as far as naming his characters comically. Dr. Karl points out the comical naming of Major Major which turns into Major Major Major Major with his accidental promotion (11). The attaching of the prefix Hungry to Joes name in the novel is also comical, but Heller does not stop at that he goes as far as naming a character Scheisskopf, the parade crazed lieutenant, which actually means shithead. (Peek 10). Vietnam3 Persuasive EssayGood as Gold also has a certain element of irony although it is less apparent. The characters of the White House seem to take their job lightly and do the improper things. The offering of a White House job as high-level as the Secretary of State to Professor Gold by Ralph Newsome, the presidential aide, simply because the president liked Golds book on him is ironic and a excellent example of satire. In Catch-22 Heller also portrays characters that hold high level positions in the military as being incompetent and irresponsible. Merrill believes that almost all of the characters in the novel are portrayed incompetent which is according to satiric fashions. He sites the numerous doctors that Yossarian fooled by faking a liver condition. He also cites Gus and Wes, Doctor Daneekas assistants, as being incompetent for their rushing of people to the hospital for a fever and their painting to ill peoples toes and gums violet (Merrill 18). It is also obvious in the novel that the military decisions are made in a absurd way and are highly illogical. The prime example of this is in the character Wintergreen who intercepts mail between the generals and doctors thereby allowing him to change orders to his liking. On this subject Burgess commented in his work on contemporary fiction by saying His approach Hellers is not merely satirical it is surrealistic, absurd, even lunatic, though the aim is serious enough to show . . . the monstrous egotism of the top brass (Burgess 140). This example of Wintergreen and the Burgess quote further show the irresponsibility and incompetence of high ranking officers. Heller portrays the military in Catch-22 as being exploitative of its soldiers and society. This is true in certain circumstances such as the tight bomb pattern that Colonel Cathcart deems imperative in order for him to be raised in command level. The military seems to act irresponsibly almost all the time. At one point in the novel the military ordered a whole civilian town destroyed in order to obtain a picture of a tight bomb pattern. This portraysion goes farther then a tight bomb pattern it extends to the point of total control of the soldiers in the military. Dr. Peek comments on this saying that . . . satire against dominating bureaucracy in general as the squadron begins to realize that administrators whose job is to serve them have taken control of their lives instead (20). The last device that Heller uses to create satire is in Good as Gold. In this novel he uses extreme amounts of caricature. This occurs especially in the White House characters. Merrill also points out Hellers caricature of Jewish people as whole by saying that their are no Jews in Good as Gold only caricatures conceived on a level somewhat between sitcom and slapstick (100). Hellers two novels, Catch-22 and Good as Gold, in short contain much satire. Catch-22 contains satire which is deeply integrated into its architecture, while Good as Gold is more superficial but still substantial. While Catch-22 satirizes primarily the military, Good as Gold satirizes the White House and government. These two novels contain many devices such as humor, irony, and caricature in order to achieve the desired effect of satire. As Karl points out Catch-22 had a profound effect on peoples views on war and also a impact on war novels of the 1960s and 1970s. If these novels are read as anything but satires they will not be appreciated nor understood totally. Works CitedBrustein, Robert. The Logic of Survival in a Lunatic World. TheCritic as Artist: Essay on Books 1920-1970 1972:47-54. Rpt. in Heller, Joseph. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Eds. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1975. 228. Bryant, Jerry H. The Open Decision: The Contemporary American Novel and Its Intellectual Background. 1970:156-159. Rpt. in. Heller, Joseph. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Eds. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1975. 229. Burgess, Anthony. The Novel: A Guide to Contemporary Fiction. 1967:53. Rpt. in Heller, Joseph. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 140. Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York: Dell, Aug 1963. Heller, Joseph. Good as Gold. New York: Simon,1979. Karl, Frederick R. Barrons Book Notes Joseph Hellers Catch-22 (1983). American Online. Merrill, Robert. Joseph Heller. Ed. Warren French. Twaynes United States Authors Series. Boston: Twayne, 1987. Olderman, Raymond M. The Grail Knight Departs. Beyond the Waste Lands: A Study of the American Novel in the Nineteen-Sixties. Rpt. in Heller, Joseph. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1975. 229-230. Peek, C. A., Ph.D. Cliffs Notes on Hellers Catch-22. Ed. Gary Carey. Cliff Notes. Lincoln: Cliff, 1993. Phoenix, James. Joseph Heller: The Comedian. Atlantic Sept 1987: 47-52. Category: English

Thursday, November 28, 2019

3-Year Marketing Plan Essay Example

3 3-Year Marketing Plan Essay 3-Year Marketing Plan Essay Introduction In order that we continue our company’s fiscal growing. we need to ramify out into new merchandise lines. A survey was performed to see our entryway into the favored supply market. We have developed a new individual merchandise for that intent. It is a Cordless Automatic Nail Trimmer for Canis familiariss and cats. The findings of this survey are in this presentation. Our Numberss are conservative. The possible for success is high. We are Company G are ever looking frontward to happen and implement new lines that will complement our Mission statement. and our bottom line. This is our following chance introduces Company G and the merchandise or merchandise line that you are composing this selling program about. Mission Statement We enable consumers to better the quality and convenience of their lives by supplying advanced electronics solutions. Product Description and Classification The Cordless Automatic Nail Trimmer for Dogs and cats will be our first entry into the universe of pets. This merchandise uses a detector to happen the quick ( the package of nervousnesss and blood vass ) on a pets nail. so adjusts to a topographic point merely below it. It trims the nail. rotates to the following nail. and repeats the procedure. until paring each nail on the paw. Simply take the paw. and go on on each paw until done. Our pruner will avoid the hurting of cutting the speedy with hemorrhage. It will non do uncomfortableness for the animate being associated heat construct up from electric nail pruners. This merchandise will let anyone from novitiate to professional to pare a Canis familiaris or cats nails to flawlessness. Rather than doing an assignment. traveling to the local pet groomer. paying $ 7 to $ 25 ( before tip ) . or large box. a favored proprietor can pare their pet’s nails at place. If the proprietor would instead hold the nails done. they can hold t heir groomer use our tool. giving the pet proprietor peace of head. cognizing their pet will non endure any hurting. Consumer Product Classification Consumer Factors Planing clip involved in purchase Purchase frequence Importance of convenient location Comparison of monetary value and quality Considerable Infrequent Important Considerable Shopping Merchandises Forte Merchandises Shopping Merchandises Shopping Merchandises Marketing Mix Factors Monetary value Importance of seller’s image Distribution channel length Number of gross revenues mercantile establishments Promotion Relatively high Very of import Relatively short Few Personal merchandising and advertisement by manufacturer and marketer Shopping Merchandises Shopping Merchandises Shopping Merchandises Shopping Merchandises Shopping Merchandises Target Market The mark market is between the ages of 30 and 45 with busy lives. looking to salvage clip and money. Their incomes would be greater than $ 60K. This will include professionals. every bit good as working twosomes. We will aim both bing Canis familiaris or cat proprietors. every bit good as new entrants to pet ownership. Competitive Situation Analysis Analysis of Competition utilizing Porter’s 5 Forces Model Competitive Competition Today are no direct rivals. We are come ining an bing market. with a wholly new engineering. The cupboard competition is the electric pruner. produced by Dremel Tools and Oster Company. These merchandises do Not hold the characteristics we have. They do non compare in experience. There is no menace at this clip. Menace from New Entrants We have the menace from two outside entrants to make a knock off version of our automatic nail pruner. The two companies that could try to come in the market are Dremel Tools and Oster Company. The menace to us is medium for a few grounds. We will patent our pruner. which means that they will hold to get down with our merchandise. and so develop alterations. to avoid patent violation. Both companies’ current merchandises use a different sort of engineering. They are bombers and do non hold any speedy sensing apparatus’ . While Dremel Tools has been in the favored paring market for some clip. they merely modified the bomber used for woodworking and other trade undertakings. This would be a going from their nucleus competence. This is the lone venture by Oster Company. They a comparatively new to the market. It isn’t likely that they will set more R and D dollars into a 2nd favored merchandise at this clip. Menace from Buyers There is no menace to us from purchasers. Pets must hold their nails trimmed on a regular footing. or they can endure hurting and / or wellness issue. The proprietors of these pets are responsible to keep their pets’ nails. With the add-on of our safe. dependable. easy to utilize merchandise added to the market. purchasers have all of the options they could desire. At our monetary value point. they would non see making a similar merchandise. It is an infrequent purchase for them. We will besides set up a web log site to give our clients an chance to assist us find if they desire any extra characteristics. Menace from Suppliers There is really small menace to us from our two providers. Vendor A is providing us with the heat-sensing constituent to our pruner. The device they are bring forthing for us helps to spread out their bottom terminal line of heat detectors. This represents a 10 per centum add-on to their offering. The chief clients for Vendor A is the Armed forces. who buy heat detection devices for aeroplanes. armored combat vehicles. and vision goggles for land military personnels. They do non hold the substructure to construct a merchandise such as ours. They would non take on the capital disbursal to come in this type of fabrication. They do non hold any retail. on-line. distribution experience. or presence. Vendor B who supplies us with the chromium steel steel blades are in a similar state of affairs. Their chief client is the medical. surgical industry. Vendor B makers high terminal surgical blades. knives. every bit good as blades for men’s razor blades. Our merchandise represents a ne w merchandise in between in quality. It is non important plenty for Vendor B to get down an wholly new type of merchandise for them Menace from Substitutes In the current market. there are menaces from replacements. Peoples non utilizing our merchandise can utilize manual nail limiters. bombers. or pay person else to pare their pets’ nails. The menace to us does non be. All pet proprietors are presently utilizing one of these locales today. With the quality. easiness of usage. clip and money nest eggs. and inhuman treatment free facet of our pruner. virtually cipher will return to these replacements. SWOT Analysis Before we risk our net incomes or our trade name value. we took a critical expression both internally. and externally. The purpose is to see how we can leverage the positives. better on our failings and fix for outside menaces. Here are the findings. STRENGTHS *indicates nucleus competence Fiscal health* Efficient fabrication Brand Reputation* Failing Lack of preparation Lack of Distribution web Never advertised pet merchandises Opportunity Pet ownership on steady rise Personal clip on lessening Economy is increasing expendable income Menace Possible newer engineering Economic downswing Heat detector supply issue Strengths Fiscal wellness is one of our nucleus competences. We have a really low debt-to-equity ratio. combined with a recognition evaluation. This gives us the flexibleness to make initial stock list and cover the typical start-up costs related to a new merchandise line. Brand repute. another nucleus competence. means that we are already in the places of many of our targeted clients. They know we produce high quality. good designed. merchandises. Our trade name is a sure name nationally. Efficient fabrication is another of our strengths. It allows up to bring forth our goods at a lower entire cost compared with rivals. We run our production lines rapidly. with small waste. or re-work. This helps for dependable batch production. and really few quality / defects issues in the field. Failings Lack of preparation for our production line associates is a possible issue. Production will be slower. hazards choice conformity. and will be more per unit compared to our established lines. Lack of advertisement relationships within the pet market is another failing. We do non publicize at all aimed at pet proprietors. We do non understand what the costs are. compared to our other merchandise lines. We will non be able to roll up the new lines publicizing with our other lines. for a volume price reduction. Our gross revenues force is non equipped to show our new merchandise line. We will necessitate to higher trainers. and new gross revenues people that are specializers specific to the new line. Opportunities The economic system is on an upward tendency. As rewards increase. so does expendable income. This allows people to buy pets. supplies. and services. This applies for either new or bing pets in the family. Personal clip is on the lessening. Wage earners are passing more clip working. Parents are passing more clip driving their school-aged kids to athleticss. music lessons. and dance categories. etc. These parents will besides go to the events environing the activities. Taking Fido to the groomer and picking him up subsequently is another clip feeder. Bing able to pare nails effortlessly. in your ain place. on your ain agenda has a good trade of entreaty. Pet ownership is on the rise. In 2013. there were 82. 5 million pet proprietors in the United States. This figure is expected to lift to 92 million by 2018. In 2013 $ 4. 4 billion dollars were spend on training and embarkation. In 2014 gross revenues rose to $ 4. 7 billion. a 7 % addition. This is a growing industry. Menaces Economic downswing could go a possible menace. As expendable income dwindles. pet proprietors could potentially buy less expensive nail pruners. They could besides take to travel to a groomer. but do so less frequently as a money rescuer. A supply issue could endanger our ability to bring forth our merchandise. A deficit of the heat detectors could go an issue. If our seller chooses to increase the monetary value of the detectors could go an issue every bit good. cut downing our border to an unacceptable degree. Development of a newer engineering is a menace. A rival. on a new company could get down doing the following coevals of automatic pruners. Dependant on the characteristics. or monetary value. we could lose market portion. Market Aims Product Objective Sell 100K units by 12/31/2016. Price Objective Achieve a net income of $ 500K by 12/31/2016. Topographic point Objective Have our merchandise on the shelves of 2 national ironss. and in 200 independent retail pet supply shops by 9/15/2015. Have an online presence by 9/1/2015. Promotion Objective Our aim is to hold 250K hits on you-tube presentation by 1/1/2016 and 100K hits on our web site particular to the new merchandise line by 6/1/2016. Selling Schemes This subdivision will present you to the peculiar schemes. which will guarantee that we achieve our aims. You will happen them good thought out and comprehensive. We took the necessary clip to be confident that they are inter-related and logical. utilizing old tactics which have been successful here at Company G. Merchandise Schemes Boxing – use our sure XG logo and recognized manner of packaging. Great Warranty – offering a biennial guarantee. this is better than current electric pruners in the market. This is in line with our guarantee for other merchandise lines in our mixture. Dedicated Help Line – have a 24/7 aid line specific to this merchandise line. It will give advice. reply inquiries. and take attention of issues that arise for clients. Monetary value Schemes Market Pricing – Planing pricing of $ 89. 99. Good Footings – we will give 2 % net 30 yearss pricing to our distributors. Ad Allowances – $ 5 per unit sold for preapproved advertisement runs. We will necessitate cogent evidence of gross revenues and give recognition within 30 yearss of run terminal date/ Place Strategies Retail Stores – 2 National concatenation shops and 200 local pet shops based on their gross revenues. Web presence – We will sell through Amazon. com. every bit good as on our web site. Quick transporting – We are traveling to utilize Amazon’s distribution Centers to transport to retail shops and straight to clients. This will be the most efficient usage of our finished goods stock list. Promotion Schemes Personal merchandising – We will supply presentations at Canis familiaris shows. Social media – We will hold a You-tube presence. and a Face book presence. Discount / Donation – We will give clients a $ 5 price reduction and donate $ 5 to the Humane Society for the first 50K units sold. Explanation of Schemes These schemes are a combination of attacks. We are traveling to utilize our strong trade name name and acknowledgment to take advantage to the consumers’ trust. If they compare our merchandise to Dremel or Oster’s pruner. they will see we give them a superior guarantee. We will acquire our merchandise in forepart of 1000000s of possible clients at Canis familiaris shows. There are dog shows of assorted types go oning every hebdomad across the United States. The retail merchants that we target will acquire good fiscal footings. along with our strong trade name name. Our you-tube presentation will turn out to clients merely how easy and safe our pruner is. We will besides appeal to the good nature of pet proprietors will our contribution to the Humane Society. Tacticss and Action Plan In order to guarantee our success we need to set specific tactics in topographic point. They need a due day of the month and responsible party. so anyone in the procedure can see if we are adhering to our timeline. We know whom to inquire about any given maneuver every bit good.

Monday, November 25, 2019

7 Speaking Habits That Will Make You Sound Smarter

7 Speaking Habits That Will Make You Sound Smarter Generally, when people hear you speak, they immediately begin to analyze what you’re saying in order to build a social profile. This means that how you speak can make or break a lot of your relationships. Fortunately, this infographic goes into 7 great approaches that will refine your speaking habits.  Source: [Visualistan]

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Implentation of effective youth justice practice Essay

Implentation of effective youth justice practice - Essay Example This learning journey has enabled me as a practitioner to develop the necessary expertise and also to effectively implement strategies and interventions which lead to the two primary functions of supporting young people who need to re-adjust to lead non criminal lives. This expertise includes applying a variety of strategies and approaches that I have attained as a practitioner in the course of my studies. The knowledge and expertise that one gains from the course is not, however, focused merely on dealing with young offenders but also includes developing my personal capacity to ensure a reflective approach to my work. The youth justice practitioner is trained to develop a discerning and critical attitude towards their area of expertise as well as ensure that the same is fundamentally ethical, sound and based on correct and accurate knowledge. This is achieved by gaining a thorough and extensive knowledge of the England and Wales youth justice system and the immediate application of this knowledge, not only to one’s work as a professional but also within the context of a multi-agency setting. The need to be reflective in our practice and critically analyse outcomes to influence future processes is I believe imperative in the ability to develop our own practice and the delivery of a continually improving service. It emphasizes the need to consciously structure reflection in area s where in the past we as practitioners have perhaps ‘naturally’ carried out our own analysis. The need to formalise this process has been amplified over the years. The truth is that while the main purpose of the adult criminal justice system is to punish the criminal according to the level of his or crime, the aim of the juvenile justice system is to apply rehabilitation or mentoring to juvenile offenders in order to prevent further crimes and to change their delinquent

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Quality revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality revolution - Essay Example However, this level of dominance soon was challenged with regards to many developing nations around the world as they began to industrialize and had the potential capacity to produce goods at a lower price than the United States. The lower-priced in and of itself was not a key concern. However, the ability of nations such as Japan to produce items of increased quality caused much alarm within the United States. Experts within the United States, after viewing Japan’s structure and industrialization, as well as improvement upon its products, began to warn those within the United States that in less a fundamental reintegration with quality management was performed, the Japanese, and perhaps many others throughout the world, would be able to gain a competitive advantage against the United States. Individuals such as W. Edward Deming raising the alarm among American producers and industrialists with regards to the fact that American goods would surely come to be represented as second rate unless core changes were made with respect to the manner through which quality control was understood and engaged. Pointing to the fact that managers and business leaders alike had categorically misunderstood or outright ignored this aspect of business improvement, tuning, as well as others, were able to reengage those within industry and production with the need to radically alter the manner through wh ich quality control was directed and evolved. Unfortunately, rather than heeding the advice of individuals such as bending, industrialists and manufacturers within the United States continued to believe that Japan’s total competitive advantage was predicated upon price alone. As such, the United States response to this was to attempt to cut prices as a means of matching Japan’s level of success. As can clearly be noted, the strategy was an abysmal failure as quality control diminished even further with regards to this failed attempts to cut costs (Berry and Parasuraman 7).

Monday, November 18, 2019

Of all the data about global warming and climate change that you have Essay

Of all the data about global warming and climate change that you have encountered, what concerns you the most - Essay Example There is also the disappearance of coral reefs because of the increased temperatures and ocean acidification. Lastly, global warming cause migration and conflicts whereby people are displaced due to lack of water or severe flooding, later, this migration leads to conflicts and war over the scarce resources such as water. These effects of climate change and global warming worries I most since the planet will be in danger of natural disasters such as flooding, food shortages, coastal flooding storms and dry periods if global warming is not reduced. The other concern that I have concerning global warming and climate change is the various suggested ways that individuals and organizations can use to reduce global warming and climate change. These may include reducing carbon dioxide emissions from burning coal, oil, gasoline and other fossil fuels in power stations, people embracing reusable packages instead of disposable ones. Furthermore, individuals can embrace efficient use of energy by using methods such as defrosting fridges and freezers regularly. However, despite peoples’ knowledge of these and other means of reducing effects global warming and climate change, the phenomenon is worsening. In conclusion, am ever concerned as it appears as though global warming and climate change dilemma will only be tackled only after the world suffers its effect to a great

Friday, November 15, 2019

Sub Disciplines Of Philosophy Philosophy Essay

Sub Disciplines Of Philosophy Philosophy Essay The word Philosophy is derived from the Greek term connoting love of wisdom through logical or intellectual modes. The study of Philosophy is apprehensive with issues of definitive worth: questions regarding truth, legitimacy, attraction, integrity, righteousness, and sense. This is not to mention that each conducts of such subjects is as fine as every other. Several are affluent, helpful, and evocative; some are infertile, extraordinary, and dull. These are matters we cannot solve. However in our dilemma as soul-holders, I believe these are questions we cannot stay away from. The major sub-disciplines of philosophy include Ethics, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Aesthetics, and philosophy of science, philosophy of law, philosophy of language, Political Philosophy, and Religion. In this paper, we will discuss the Philosophy of Religion; its disputes, philosophical theories depending on it, morality, and omniscience of God, atheism, mans free will, and evil reconciliation. Philosophy of Religion: According to Alston, it is a division in philosophy defines the issues regarding religion, as well as the natural world and reality of God and spirits, the inspection of religious and holy familiarities, and the connection between science and religion. Many philosophers, psychoanalysts, theologians, etc have proposed different definitions of Religion. However, the best in my opinion is of the psychoanalyst William James; he described religion as the mind-set, attitude, behavior, and practices of person men in their isolation; such as they concern themselves to situate in link to whatever they might deem as the celestial or divine. Existence of God: Does God exist or not..? This is the question, which all individuals ask at least once in their lives. But there is no middle floor for this. Any effort to stay unbiased regarding Gods being is generally identical to agnosticism. Proof for the existence of God might not be necessary for the devoted ones. But on contrary, it is a necessity for the individuals who tend to go on with logic, or may not believe in any such thing as divine or spirited. According to Oliver J. Thatcher, the existence of God cannot be exhibited; Gods reality is a chapter of faith, and so as to objects of faith are not illustrious, for the reason that the office of revelation is to verify, however faith relates to fads that are not to be demonstrated. Arguments for the Existence of God: We can explore several arguments of numerous unusual types for the existence of God. People have considered that an efficient balanced argument for Gods presence is a significant initial pace in opening the intellect to the prospect of religious conviction in understanding some of the obstructions and wreckage that abstains individuals from pleasing the thought of divine exposure gravely. Amongst the major twenty types of Arguments for the Existence of God, the strongest I perceive is Argument from Religious Knowledge. Argument for the Existence of God from Religious Knowledge: An unlike kind of experience reclines in the incredible heart core of many individuals religious faith. Some types of experiences are sensed deliberately; one realizing its fundamental significance in life or existence. However, another kind stays induced in innermost essence of persons disposition. However, at this time there is definitely a quarrel pertaining to Gods being; made with the information connected with this sort knowledge. Its not at all a quarrel which actions by ones own practical knowledge in your own affirmation of which God is out there. Noticeably, most people likely dont have a desire for this kind of controversy. Alternatively, this kind of controversy actions with an additional course: through the widespread fact connected with religious practical knowledge towards the pronouncement of which merely a divine fact can effectively describe the idea. It can be complicated to affirm this argument conclusively. However it could rather be infer in following steps. Many individuals belonging various ages as well as regarding various countries state to get acquired an experience on the spiritual. It is beyond the belief that lots of persons happen to be so completely unsuitable about the distinctiveness in addition to information of their personal contingency. Hence, theres a divine actuality which a lot of individuals from dissimilar periods and traditions have noticed. Now again, the question arises that does God the Ultimate Creator and Beneficial of the whole galaxy really exists or its just a perception? A lot of people recognize their familiarity of divination in this approach; they are jointed with or linked over ceaseless and irresistible awareness and love, which fills them with itself but considerably surpass their aptitude to accept, or in such way, as they state. Another question crops up here; Are we able enough to judge them and then believe? According to Peter Kreeft, theres a huge amount of these kinds of statements. Sometimes these are true or perhaps definitely not. While analyzing these, we ought to think about; The actual regularity of these assertions are they reliable or not and does they relate and justify the reasonable facts we already know? The type of the people who help make most of these declarations are these people honest, literate and honorable? The issues most of these encounters have experienced of their own existence plus the existence regarding some others have they become more genuine, reasonable and gentle after their religious incident? It really is extremely hard for a person to lie out early in advance; just how research in to this specific decree regarding claims and assertions along with characters, may have an impact on many individuals. A person is then unable to claim early in advance just how its going to have an impact on a person. But it is usually a proof; it has numerous confident individuals; and yes it cannot be ignored. Sometimes in actuality, we all consider, very often, that this verification is usually less encountered as laid off using brilliant modern trademarks. Foundations and Emergence of the Universe: Many cultures and religions have tales concerning the emergence and foundation of Universe. According to Brewer (2011), some religions and civilizations believe that universe came into being by hatching from the egg, later laid on the waters and etc. In one more story, the universe is produced from the merger of male and female divine beings. Additionally, the Universe emerged when wrecked matters, such as the carcass of a dead god, blended with other materials or when some universal spirit combined with the nature. Islam however, holds a bit different view about emergence of Universe. It considers God to be the Creator and that it took six ayams (levels or days) to create seven heavens and earth. Emergence and foundation of Universe is humankinds earliest and everlasting interest. Long-ago, when this question was heaved, there was no vagueness, since no matter whom the person was or what his course was, barely two possible kinds of answers from which to select something from nothing, or always existing existed. The most interesting theory about the emergence of Universe is the famous Big-Bang Theory. It suggests that 11 to 15 million years ago, all the matter and vitality ended up being concentrated straight into a mass of the atom. At this time, matter, vitality, area and time period would not survive. Subsequently all of a sudden, the universe did start to grow from an incredible bulk and matter, vitality, area and time period came into being. Because earth expanded, matter did start to coalesce straight into propane clouds, after which celestial stars and planets. This theory has been accepted by most scientists. When all these theories and beliefs are considered, it is impossible to recognize the foundations of the Universe. But when observed in the insight of Philosophy of Religion and different chapters of Bible and Testament are considered, God lays the foundation of Universe. As Hebrews 1:10 mentions; in the beginning, O Lord, you laid the foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands. Can one be moral and not believe in God? Humans need not embrace in virtually any faith or religion to be able to use a sense involving morally right or perhaps not. Meaningful rectitude will be pure, rather than predicated in great trust. Morality is a product or service involving social, definitely not faith based discussion. Sadly, this wrongly diagnosed indisputable fact that humans are not beneficial with out professing any belief from the supreme being or perhaps with out belonging to any faith will be one who will be dominating generally in most organizations around the globe. This wrongly diagnosed strategy is basically in charge of deficit of development with people aspects of man lifetime in which made use of exercising moral authority. One who is ethical but does not have faith in God may suppose, for instance, there is only an imaginative standard at effort in the Universe. They could moreover admit a desire satisfying preference in the persons intellect a need to be ingredient of some better whole or reason, which is the annex, or side-effect, of our sole self-awareness and comprehension of our ultimate demise. As inhabitants of this universe, we do not require to fit in to any religious conviction so as to possess a sagacity of moral true or mistake. Moral decency is innate and not centered on mystic belief. Thomas Ash, in his article states that one particular reason why a few theists feel that morality presumes Gods presence will be that will their morals appears to allow their beings apparent function, creating these individuals speculate precisely what function atheists may offer intended for independently. Reconciliation between God, Evil and Science: Evil is an incredibly actual existence on the globe. It is so since human beings have permitted it to be. God is not powerless against wickedness but has a preparation by which persons could possibly be keeping from the outcome of our private crime. God has done His duty to protect his creatures from their one anothers immorality. According to Brooke and Geoffrey, science and religion are not contradicted at all. Religion and science work jointly to bring-up a comprehensive indulgence of the world by reciprocally exemplifying one another. However, science and religion pretense no hazards to each other, except that they do not sustain each others responsibility either; they are basically apprehensive with inaccessible situations of matters. Gods Omniscience and Human Freewill Rational Argument for Atheism: God is All-Powerful. This means that He has the authority to arbitrate and organize the courses of life and human affairs as he perceives vigorous. If God would like definite things to occur at a specified time he can carry on it regarding those proceedings move in that route. If he wants any person to come into subsistence or carry out any definite task, he can make him perform it, most likely without that person being conscious of any intervention. Hence God can know about future of humans, thus free will turns out to be nothing (Wolterstorff, 1982). Regarding arguments given by Atheists on the Existence of God, I strongly disagree with them. In order to move from atheism to theism, the person ought to gather more and more evidences. The atheist might be close-minded, lack the ability to see amazement of nature, morally illiterate, or even have never come across any miracle. Conclusion Presume another person claims to you that all these kinds of ordeals are either the result of injuries to the temporal lobe or even associated with neurotic despotism. Under no circumstances, these tend to accomplish many people verify the truth associated with several divine truth. Just what may possibly be your first impulse be? You might think again more than that will huge certification associated with reports and enquire of by yourself if that could be correct. And you may possibly deduce: No. Given this multitude change, associated with assertions, along with the quality of living of these people, indicates unbelievably that those who made these claims are therefore completely wrong with regards to these people or even insanity or some brain disorder might cause this kind of outstanding amazing benefit along with magnificence. So, by considering all these facts and theories, I find this theme more superior that God DOES exist. He is all around us, and its His freewill that fashions us and our actions, attitude and behavior.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Karl Marx :: essays research papers fc

Karl Marx The most influential person pre-1900   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If a fair list were given, †¦, it would seem reasonable to say that he was bad tempered, caustic, fierce, vain, self-sacrificing, selfish, whining, capable of great love, a good father, a lover of mankind, fatherly to all, honest, scrupulous, tender, brilliant, eminently rational, racist in an off hand manner, irony as an art, a person obsessed with irony, obsessive in general, flexible, a brilliant politician, but a candid one as they go.†(Olson 11) Hopefully we have all heard the name Karl Marx at some time or another, but what did he do that’s so important? Marx was a great influence from before 1900, but his influences are also felt throughout this century. Marx was the most influential person in world history before 1900 because he developed a new form of government, Marxism influenced several world leaders, and Marxism can be linked to such important events as the Russian Revolution and the Cold War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main reason Marx is so important is because of the political philosophy that he developed, appropriately dubbed Marxism and commonly called Communism. Marx’s goal was to spiritually release mankind by freeing him of his economic chains and allowing him to find harmony with his fellow man and with nature (Fromm 3). Marx’s interests in economics started when he wrote two extensive essays on the position of Eifel peasants and Moselle vinegrowers (Leonhard 4). His interests were also engaged by the labor movement, which the effects of were just becoming apparent (Leonhard 4). As talk about communist ideas first began to rise, Marx was reserved about his opinions (Leonhard 4). In spite of his reservations, Marx heavily researched the contemporary French literature on socialism and Communism, and in 1843 moved to Paris, the heart of the revolutionary movement (Leonhard 4). While in Paris, one of the most important events of his stay occurred, his meeti ng with Friedrich Engels. â€Å"This was the beginning of a lifelong friendship and collaboration of the founders of scientific socialism.† (Leonhard 5) Marx and Engels emphasized the connection of socialist aims, economic reality, and the struggle of the working class (Leonhard 5-6). In 1847 Marx was invited to join the â€Å"League of the Just† which was later renamed the â€Å"Communist League†(Leonhard 6). Marx and Engels were instructed to work out a political program form the Communist League (Leonhard 6-7). Engels sketched a draft of questions and answers know as the Principles of Communism, after reworking by Marx this became the Communist manifesto (Leonhard 7).